This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

EMPHNET 6th Regional Conference 2018: "Innovative approaches: Adapting to the current EMR context" (111) Infectious Diseases (non-STD/STI) (1592) Influenza and Influenza-Like-Illness (ILI) Surveillance (219)
Surveillance and Molecular Epidemiology of Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses Circulating in Pakistan

Surveillance and Molecular Epidemiology of Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses Circulating in Pakistan

Surveillance and Molecular Epidemiology of Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses Circulating in Pakistan

Authors of this article:

Muhammad Farooq Tahir
Article Authors Cited by Tweetations Metrics

    Abstract

    Corresponding Author:

    Muhammad Farooq Tahir


    Background: Avian influenza H9N2 is highly endemic in commercial and backyard poultry in Pakistan. Its widespread circulation and high mutation rates provide a possibility of novel reassorted viruses hence posing a serious public health threat.

    Objective: This study was aimed to isolate and evaluate the AI H9N2 viruses circulating in poultry as well as aquatic birds in Pakistan between 2014 and 2017.

    Methods: Specimens were collected from morbid or dead birds suspected for AI H9N2 on the basis of clinical signs or post-mortem lesions brought to five poultry diagnostic laboratories in Punjab. The samples were subjected for virus isolation. The isolates then were confirmed for H and N type using PCR. Six isolates were subjected to phylogenetic analysis of Haemagglutinin gene. The results were compared with isolate reported previously from Pakistan and other regional countries for homology.

    Results: 129,622 samples from 7481 poultry flocks were processed, 5.3% (399/7481) were positive for AIV H9N2. Sequence analysis showed that it had homology of 84-93% with different regional strains. Changes were seen at 24 different sites and at cleavage site at K148R and I151R in comparison to previous Pakistani isolates. Six possible glycosylation sites were observed. Neighbor joining phylogenetic tree confirmed its 93.4% homology with the isolate of Iran. The isolates were the same clade as other regional isolates and have common ancestors.

    Conclusions: The prevailing H9N2 viruses in Pakistan have certain markers and elements in the HA gene that may improve its avian to human transmission. Continuous surveillance of influenza A viruses is necessary to monitor their antigenic determinants. Protocols for the AI surveillance have officially been notified by Department of Livestock & Dairy Development Department, Punjab as a result of these findings.

    iproc 2018;4(1):e10640

    doi:10.2196/10640


    Edited by Y Khader; This is a non–peer-reviewed article. submitted 29.03.18; accepted 29.03.18; published 29.03.18

    Copyright

    ©Muhammad Farooq Tahir. Originally published in Iproceedings (http://www.iproc.org), 29.03.2018.

    This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in Iproceedings, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.iproc.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.